Man-made structures in the marine environment: A review of stakeholders’ social and economic values and perceptions

Man-made marine structures (MMS) are commonly used to describe any artificial structure in the environment, encompassing oil and gas infrastructure pipelines, reefs, jetties, piers shipwrecks. MMS increasingly proposed address issues facing planners, including augmenting fish stocks through creation of reefs repurposing redundant offshore (‘rigs reefs’). Marine spatial planning is a highly contested process, characterised by multiple stakeholders with often divergent priorities due competing objectives values. Understanding stakeholder perspectives relation therefore critical formulating appropriate policies. This review presents first systematic comprehensive integration information from academic journals ‘grey’ literature relating social economic values perceptions MMS. The identifies that, despite advocacy for research on MMS, there significant gaps knowledge, particular comparative assessments across different types Priority areas future highlighted. • user management. Knowledge include multi-stakeholder integrated social-economic research. Existing predominantly global north. A model value man-made developed. outlined.